The genocide of Palestinians in Gaza is unfolding amid long-standing impunity, rooted in a system of apartheid and illegal Israeli occupation, exposing the moral, political and legal failure of states. The October 2025 agreement, presented as a major breakthrough, may in fact formalise a new phase of colonisation. As calls grow to guarantee humanitarian access, sanction violations and enforce the Geneva Conventions, they meet continued inaction, while the UN remains constrained by veto powers and political pressure on its institutions. In this context, what tools remain to uphold international law and protect civilians in Gaza? And how can trust in international law be restored?